From the weather to air travel, pressure plays a dramatic role in our lives. It plays especially important roles during chemical reactions. By manipulating pressure, chemists can force chemical reactions to occur and the transitions between solids,…
Since the discovery of DNA structure in the 1950s, the central dogma of molecular biology has been widely accepted in the scientific community. Essentially, the central dogma holds that information flows from DNA to RNA to protein (Figure 1). DNA is a…
The development of the atomic bomb during World War II brought unprecedented devastation to the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, this tragedy also stimulated a wave of biomedical research aimed at both understanding the effects of…
Figure 1. Although there have not yet been any clinical trials to prove that stem cell treatments are effective – and to demonstrate that they are safe – there are many companies offering treatments for a wide array of diseases and conditions. Unlike…
Stem cells have been the object of much excitement and controversy amongst both scientists and the general population. Surprisingly, though, not everybody understands the basic properties of stem cells, let alone the fact that there is more than one type…
Biologists have long touted the promise of embryonic stem (ES) cells. These cells are pluripotent, meaning they can be coaxed to form nearly any cell type of the body. However, the enormous promise of these cells is overshadowed by moral and technical…
In the year 2013, there has been a plethora of advances made in the use of stem cells to regenerate organs, which offer promises in the treatment of human diseases. Among them is the identification of a population of stem cells in zebrafish that can…
Primary Immune Deficiencies
When you meet with Dr. Luigi Notarangelo, the first sign that he is at work today comes from hearing the sounds of frantic typing emanating out of his office at Children’s Hospital Boston. Without breaking stride, he senses…