Lionel Balout was a French anthropologist and archaeologist whose collaboration with the ASPR advanced the study of Stone Age populations in North Africa. Based at the Bardo Museum in Algiers, Balout was instrumental in assembling skeletal collections and facilitating laboratory studies supported by the ASPR. His surveys and publications in the 1950s provided the framework for understanding Maghrebian prehistory, while his generosity in hosting ASPR researchers at the Bardo created an ideal environment for analysis. Balout’s work on cranial material and prehistoric industries helped establish North Africa’s central role in debates over human evolution and cultural development.